If not permitted, the dash symbol (-) is used. The first format is called symbolic notation, which is a string of 10 characters: one character that represents the file type, then nine characters that represent the file's read (r), write (w), and execute (x) permissions in order of owner, group, and others. Linux file permissions can be displayed in two formats. Anyone else can read, write, and execute the file.The group can read, write, and execute the file.The owner can read, write, and execute the file.In other words, a file's permissions determine whether or not: The three actions available on a Unix-like system are: read (the ability to open and view the contents of the file), write (the ability to open and modify the contents of a file), and execute (the ability to run the file as an executable program). Unix), and Unix-like systems approach file permissions like so:Įvery file has an owner, which determines the file's "user class." Every file also has a group, which determines the file's "group class." Any system user who isn't the owner and doesn't belong in the same group is determined to be others.Īll files on Unix-like systems have permissions assigned to all three classes, and these determine which actions can be taken by said classes for the given file. Linux operating systems are actually Unix-like systems ( understanding Linux vs. But before we explain what the command does, we have to first understand a little bit about how Linux handles file security. Regardless, one of the most essential Linux commands to learn is a small but powerful command called chmod.
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